Material Collection
Low Embodied Carbon Materials
31% of global carbon emissions come from making things – which means that manufacturing materials and products contribute significantly to the changing climate. Until recently, most attention on carbon emissions within the building industry focused on energy consumption from operating buildings once they are inhabited. But carbon emitted from the production, transportation, installation, maintenance, repair, and disposal of a building product is also significant.
This list considers emissions before a product is transported to the construction site. We look specifically at greenhouse gas emissions from extracting raw materials, transportation to the factory, and manufacturing a product (A1-A3 of a product's lifecycle).
Currently, there is no universal threshold for 'low embodied carbon' in materials. After discussing this research with experts, we set a rigorous standard that can meet 2030 goals. These products, labeled with 'LEC', embody below 2 kgs of CO₂eq per square meter.
*Products in this collection meet criteria for both material health and low embodied carbon.
Low Embodied Carbon Materials
25 products
About Our Collections
The goal of our collections is to help promote transparency in the material ingredients of building products by fostering knowledge and awareness of products and materials for which life-cycle information is available, and that have environmentally, economically, and socially preferable life-cycle impacts.
Keep an eye out for the following symbols:
A Healthier Affordable Building Product
Products with the designation of "Healthier & Affordable" were specified and installed in at least one of our Case Studies of healthier affordable housing.
Available at the Donghia healthier Materials Library
The Donghia healthier Materials Library library is open to Parsons student and faculty. Learn more about access and opening hours here.
Low Embodied Carbon
“Embodied Carbon” is the total amount of carbon emitted during the process of making a material
New Product
This product has been added to the collection within the past six months.
Ingredient Disclosures
There are several ways of evaluating a material’s health that we include with product information. Disclosures are reports by manufacturers about product ingredients, impacts, or other attributes.
Key Disclosures include:
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
A voluntary technical specification for reporting information on product contents and associated health information, intended to be the health-analogue to Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs).
Declare Label
Declare is a transparency platform and product database that answers three questions:
1. Where does a product come from?
2. What is it made of?
3. Where does it go at the end of its life?
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
A standardized format for communicating the environmental effects associated with a product’s raw materials extraction, energy use, chemical makeup, waste generation, and emissions to air, soil, and water.
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
A reporting format that provides basic information about a material’s chemical ingredients, the potential safety hazards to installers, and recommended practices for installation.
Other
Manufacturer | Product | Ingredient Disclosures | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Fibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation | Fiberglass | Knauf Insulation | EcoBatt |
EcoBattLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialEcoBatt Insulation is free of formaldehyde, acrylics, and artificial colors. This insulation combines sand, post-consumer recycled bottle glass, and Knauf’s ECOSE Technology. It can be used for walls, ceilings, sound control, floors, attics, and mid-floor applications. This product is Declare Red List Free. It has also achieved a Greenguard Gold Certification, which ensures that it meets strict standards for VOC emissions. Per EPD, this product meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon - thanks in large part to its use of recycled materials. Knauf currently has 27 production across the US, Europe, and the Middle East. When specifying this product be sure to consider the distance it will travel to your site. CategoryFibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation, FiberglassManufacturerKnauf Insulation![]() Material composition *Glass Fibers from recycled glass bottles 48%, Sand 13%, Borax 7%, Soda Ash 4%, Quicklime 3%, Manganese Dioxide <1%, Sugars 4%, Ammonia <1%, Ammonium Sulfate <1%, Silane <1%, Kraft/Asphalt Facing 19% *As reported by manufacturer and product EPD AVAILABLE SIZINGAvailable in a variety of sizes and thicknesses for wood and metal framing COLORSTaupe CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
GREENGUARD | Gold
Declare | Red List Free
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedSeptember 21, 2016 |
Fibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation | Fiberglass | Knauf Insulation | Jet Stream Ultra |
Jet Stream UltraA Healthier Affordable Building ProductAvailable At the Donghia Materials LibraryLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialKnauf Insulation Jet Stream ULTRA is an unbonded, fibrous glass blowing insulation that is designed to be used in attics or with the BIBS system (Blown-in-Blanket System). This product is Declare Red List Free, and meets the strict VOC emission standards for the Greenguard Gold Certification. Additionally, it is made with over 60% post-consumer recycled glass (cullet) content. Per Knauf's product-specific EPD, Jet Stream Ultra meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. Knauf currently has 27 production across the US, Europe, and the Middle East. When specifying this product be sure to consider the distance it will travel to your site. CategoryFibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation, FiberglassManufacturerKnauf Insulation![]() Material composition *Post Consumer Cullet 59.3%, Sand 17.3%, Borax 9.2%, Soda Ash 5.1%, Quicklime 3.7%, in-house cullet 2.5% *As reported by manufacturer and product EPD AVAILABLE SIZING32 lb Package COLORSWhite CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Declare | Red List Free
GREENGUARD | Gold
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedSeptember 21, 2016 |
Fibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation | Mineral Fiber | Roxul | Roxul Safe |
Roxul SafeA Healthier Affordable Building ProductAvailable At the Donghia Materials LibraryLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialSafe is a batt insulation made from mineral wool that provides acoustic dampening and is non-combustible. Safe is Greenguard Gold Certified, meaning it meets strict requirements for VOC and formaldehyde emissions. This product meets HML low embodied carbon standards per Rockwool's EPD for its stone wool insulation. Production facilities are located in the US and Canada. For shorter transportation, the North American Market is therefore preferable. Rockwool's Ontario location uses the highest amount of recycled material of any of its facilities. *NOTE: This product contains phenol formaldehyde. According to the manufacturer: "Phenol formaldehyde is allowed in rigid mineral wool insulation for exterior applications (such as rain screen assemblies or foundation insulation). While rigid mineral wool insulation does contain some formaldehyde, most of the formaldehyde is eliminated in the production process through a chemical reaction and high heat. Rigid mineral wool insulation installed on the exterior of the building possess less risk to humans and ecosystem than rigid foam insulation products, which almost always contain HFRs and use blowing agents with high global warming potential." CategoryFibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation, Mineral FiberManufacturerRoxul![]() Material composition *Stone Wool Biosoluble 95-100%, Syrups Hydrolyzed Starch 1-2%, Phenolic Formaldehyde Binder 0-1%, Urea Binder 0-1% *As reported by manufacturer and product SDS AVAILABLE SIZINGAvailable in a variety of sizes and thicknesses for wood and metal framing COLORSTaupe CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
GREENGUARD | Gold
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedSeptember 21, 2016 |
Fibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation | Wood | GUTEX | Thermofibre |
ThermofibreLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialGutex Thermofibre is a blow in insulation made of two components only: regionally sourced pinewood fiber and ammonium salts which act as a flame retardant. As a result, the product Thermofibre is made from natural, biodegradable materials. It is suitable for stud, rafter and ceiling insulation. It holds a European Natureplus certification that sets strict standards for material health and complies with REACH standards. According to Gutex's EPD which covers their wood fibre insulation, this product meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. Gutex is based in Germany making this a better option for projects based in central Europe. CategoryFibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation, WoodManufacturerGUTEX![]() Material composition *95% Pinewood fiber, 5% ammonium salts *As reported by manufacturer and product documentation CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Natureplus
Last UpdatedOctober 09, 2020 |
Resilient | Linoleum | Forbo Flooring Systems | Marmoleum Modular |
Marmoleum ModularA Healthier Affordable Building ProductAvailable At the Donghia Materials LibraryLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialMarmoleum Modular tiles are made from natural materials. The product has a low carbon footprint, and is free from toxic materials such as phthalates. The modular tiles allow you to mix and match to design a unique floor surface. Per Forbo's product-specific EPDs, these Marmoleum flooring system meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. It contains 100% Biobased Content according to Bioprefered.gov. CategoryResilient, LinoleumManufacturerForbo Flooring Systems![]() Material composition *Linseed Oil 20%, Gum Rosin 2%, Tall Oil 6%, Wood Flour 31%, Calcium Carbonate 8%, Reused Marmoleum 23 %, Titanium Dioxide 3%, Various other pigments 1%, Polyester 5%, Lacquer 1% *As reported by manufacturer and product EPD AVAILABLE SIZING9.8”x 9.8”, 9.8”x 19.69” and 19.69”x 19.69” Tiles COLORSAvailable in a variety of colors CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Declare | Red List Free
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedSeptember 23, 2016 |
Resilient | Linoleum | Forbo Flooring Systems | Marmoleum Signature |
Marmoleum SignatureLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialMarmoleum Signature tiles are made from natural materials. The product has a low carbon footprint, and is free from toxic materials such as phthalates. The modular tiles allow you to mix and match patterns to design a unique floor surface. They can also be custom designed as long as they fit in one of the modular tile sizes. Per Forbo's product-specific EPDs, these Marmoleum flooring system meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. CategoryResilient, LinoleumManufacturerForbo Flooring Systems![]() Material composition *Linseed Oil 20%, Gum Rosin 2%, Tall Oil 6%, Wood Flour 31%, Calcium Carbonate 8%, Reused Marmoleum 23 %, Titanium Dioxide 3%, Various other pigments 1%, Polyester 5%, Lacquer 1% *As reported by manufacturer and product EPD AVAILABLE SIZING9.8”x 19.69” and 19.69”x 19.69” Tiles COLORSAvailable in a variety of colors and designs CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Declare | Red List Free
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedJanuary 13, 2022 |
Resilient | Linoleum | Forbo Flooring Systems | Marmoleum Imagine |
Marmoleum ImagineLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialMarmoleum Imagine is made from natural materials and uses an Aquajet cutting technique to create the unique designs. The product has a low carbon footprint, and is free from toxic materials such as phthalates. The designs can be customized on request which allows for endless design possibilities. Per Forbo's product-specific EPDs, these Marmoleum flooring system meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. CategoryResilient, LinoleumManufacturerForbo Flooring Systems![]() Material composition *Linseed Oil 19%, Gum Rosin 2%, Tall Oil 9%, Wood Flour 24%, Calcium Carbonate 23%, Reused Marmoleum 11%, Jute 8%, Titanium Dioxide 2%, Various other pigments 1%, Lacquer 1% *As reported by manufacturer and product EPD AVAILABLE SIZING2.5mm x 32m rolls, 2mm x 32m rolls COLORSAvailable in a variety of colors and designs CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Declare | Red List Free
Last UpdatedJanuary 13, 2022 |
Resilient | Linoleum | Tarkett | Linofloor xf² |
Linofloor xf²Low-Embodied Carbon MaterialThe newly released Tarkett Linofloor xf² flooring (specifically "Veneto") replaces the Harmonium line, previously listed by HML. This linoleum product avoids toxic heavy metals, PVC, PFAS, urea-formaldehyde, phthalates, and halogenated flame retardants. Some pigments used hopefully can be replaced with healthier alternatives soon. Tarkett offers a take-back program for their products and offcuts are 100% recyclable. Lino xf² is a glue-down linoleum - be sure to select a healthier adhesive option when installing this product. Per Tarkett's product-specific EPDs, it's Linofloor xf₂ lines meet HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. Some thicknesses come with a polyurethane backing, it's best to avoid these as that increases its carbon impact. It contains 100% Biobased Content according to Bioprefered.gov. CategoryResilient, LinoleumManufacturerTarkett![]() Material composition *calcium carbonate 21.591-24.274%, cellulose 5-24.8%, cork flour 5-24%, lignin 5-24.8%, linseed oil 1.671-2.802%, cork flour 0.641-1.657%, wood flour 0.642-1.657%, wood flour 0.642-1.657%, jute 0.518-0.869%, titanium dioxide 0.299-0.419%, polyurethane acrylic copolymer <0.666%, colophony 0.262-0.44%, carbon black <0.133%, iron oxide <0.133%, pigment red 101 <0.133%, pigment yellow 42 <0.133%, linseed oil 27.4%, rosin 4.3%, juts 8.5%, titanium dioxide 4.1%, C.I. pigment yellow 42 <0.2%, carbon black <0.2%, iron oxide <0.2%, iron oxide (Fe304) <0.2%, polyurethane acrylic copolymer <1% *As reported by manufacturer and product documentation AVAILABLE SIZINGRoll 6.5' x ≤ 100', 2.5mm thick COLORS66 CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Cradle to Cradle | Silver
Last UpdatedJune 25, 2021 |
Wood Flooring | Engineered Wood | Kährs | Multi Layer Flooring |
Multi Layer FlooringA Healthier Affordable Building ProductLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialKährs's 3-layer flooring product is made up of a surface layer, a core layer, and a backing. All of their surface treatments are naturally free from solvents, formaldehyde and isocyanate, and the floors carry a FloorScore emissions certification. The Multi Layer Flooring can be installed floating on a level surface as opposed to being glued down. This allows you to avoid potentially unhealthy adhesives in addition to allowing for future disassembly and reuse. *NOTE: This product is ULEF as opposed to NAF, meaning it contains ultra-low emitting formaldehyde. Per Kahrs's EPD, this product meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. CategoryWood Flooring, Engineered WoodManufacturerKährs![]() Material composition *Wood/Wood Fiber 93-94% [Amino Based Glue 2.6-3%, Carbamide Adhesive 1.0-2%, Lacquer Sherwin-Williams 0.8-1%, Filler 0.1%, Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) 0.08-0.1%], Polyolefin Foam Plastic 0.4-0.5%, Polyester Foam - Bottom 0.5-0.5% *As reported by manufacturer and product HPD AVAILABLE SIZING72’’x 6 1/4” Plank; 3/8", 5/8", or 3/4" Thickness COLORSAvailable in a variety of wood species CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedFebruary 08, 2020 |
Wood Flooring | Engineered Wood | mafi | Natural Wooden Flooring |
Natural Wooden FlooringAvailable At the Donghia Materials LibraryLow-Embodied Carbon Materialmafi is an Austrian company that specializes in the production of three-layer wooden planks that can be used as flooring, walls, or ceilings. mafi floors are finished using natural oils. Instead of creating a seal-like more typical lacquers, the oil soaks into the wood and protects it from the inside out. Because it does not create a barrier, the oil finish on mafi’s wood floors allows the material to breathe and to help regulate the interior climate and improve indoor air quality. The natural oil finish is also free of toxic solvents. All of the wood used in mafi's flooring is grown in Austria, within 12km ( 8 miles ) of the factory. CategoryWood Flooring, Engineered WoodManufacturermafi![]() Material composition *Wood 99.9%, Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesive 0.05%, Natural Oils 0.05% *As reported by manufacturer and product Declare label AVAILABLE SIZINGAvailable in a range of plank sizes COLORSOak, beech, ash, maple, walnut, acacia, spruce, larch, swiss stone pine, douglas fir, fir CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Last UpdatedSeptember 11, 2019 |
Mineral Paint | Lime | Graphenstone | Graphenstone |
GraphenstoneLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialGraphenstone has updated traditional lime paint formulas with their product by adding graphene, a material made from carbon. Graphene lends the paint extreme strength, durability, and washability. Additionally, the use of lime creates a paint that is not only free of harmful substances, but one that also actively improves indoor air quality by absorbing toxics and CO2. The white interior and exterior paint have a Cradle to Cradle Gold certification. This product meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon in part because of its use of renewable energy and CO₂ absorbing ingredients. As the product is produced in Spain, shipping can negate it's low emission score. *NOTE: Recently, researchers have raised health concerns about graphene. According to the manufacturer, Graphenstone uses Nano Fibers of Graphene (NFG), which has a larger structure that is not harmful to human health. CategoryMineral Paint, LimeManufacturerGraphenstone![]() Material composition *Calcium Hydroxide (Lime) 40-70%, Water 10-30%, Calcium Carbonate 5-20%, Additives 1-5% *As reported by manufacturer and product EPD AVAILABLE SIZINGAvailable in 1L, 4L, 12.5L, and 15L COLORSAvailable in a wide range of colors. White is the only color with a C2C Gold Certification. CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Cradle to Cradle | Gold
Last UpdatedSeptember 06, 2019 |
Tufted Carpet Tile | Synthetic | Patcraft | EcoWorx Carpet Tile |
EcoWorx Carpet TileLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialPatcraft's EcoWorx carpet tile is a non-PVC backed carpet tile. Per manufacturer, all EcoWorx carpet tile with nylon are Cradle to Cradle Certified® Silver. Reverse is an exception, as the manufacturer set out to obtain a Gold level certification. Using a carefully curated selection of yarn colors for the collection, the styles of Reverse were able to pass the Cradle to Cradle Product Standard's Restricted Substance List (RSL) to achieve Gold in the Material Health pillar. This HPD relates to several EcoWorx collections, including Reverse and Artefact. All pigments fall below the 1000 ppm reporting threshold for the HPD and most pigments fall below the 100 ppm threshold for Declare, hence no need for separate (HPD/Declare) certifications for the C2C Gold collection. Shaw guarantees free reclamation and recycling at the end of use. Per Patcraft's product-specific EPD, this product meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. CategoryTufted Carpet Tile, SyntheticManufacturerPatcraft![]() Material composition *Calcium Carbonate 22-58%, Ethene-1-Octene Copolymer 5-15%, Aluminum Trihydrate (ATH) 3-8%, Hydrocarbons C6-20 2-5%, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 2-5%, Vinyl Acetate/Ethylene Copolymer 2-5%, Fiberglass 1-3%, Quartz 0.5-5%, Ethylene/Hexane-1Copolymer .1-2%, Nylon 6 Polymer 0-51%, Nylon 6.6 0-50%, Modified Acrylic Binder 0-1%, Polyvinyl Alcohol 0-1%, Resin Acids/Rosin Acids, Esters with Triethylene Glycol 0-1%, Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate 0-1%, Undisclosed 0-1% *As reported by manufacturer and product HPD. AVAILABLE SIZINGTile sizes are dependent on collection, ranging from 12"x48" x 24"x24" COLORSAvailable in a range of colorways CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Cradle to Cradle | Gold
NSF/ANSI 140 | Gold
CRI Green Label Plus
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedMarch 14, 2022 |
Tufted Carpet Tile | Synthetic | Interface | Interface Carpet Tile |
Interface Carpet TileLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialThe Embodied Beauty carpet collection by Interface takes strides towards healthier carpets through recycled Nylon yarns and its two biobased backing systems. The collection is Cradle to Cradle Certified® Silver and Red List Free. The Shishu Stitch, Tokyo Texture and Zen Stitch carpets use the CQuest BioX Backing System which contains 74% Biobased Content according to Bioprefered.gov. Other carpet tiles in the collection use the CQuest Bio backing system which is now a standard option on all Interface carpet tiles. It contains 47% Biobased Content according to Bioprefered.gov and is GreenHealth Approved from HealthCare without Harm. Interface has been GreenCircle Certified for their ReEntry Take Back Recycling program, with their carpets being 65-75% recyclable. Per Interface’s EPD, this carpet collection and backing systems meet HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. CategoryTufted Carpet Tile, SyntheticManufacturerInterface![]() Material composition *Carpet Tile with CQUEST BIOX: Bio-Based Filler 28%, Bioester 16%, Nylon 13%, EVA 11%, Post-Consumer Recycled Nylon 7%, Pre-Consumer Recycled Limestone 7%, Vinyl Acetate Emulsion 5%, Pre/Post Consumer Recycled Polyester 3%, Alumina Trihydrate 3%, Biobased Oil 2%, Pre-Consumer Recycled Nylon 2%, Fiberglass Mat 1%, Antioxidant 1%, Polypropylene 1%, Ethylene/Acrylic Acid Copolymer 0.2-0.3%, Starch Soluble 0.2-0.3%, Acetic Acid Ethenyl Ester, Polymer with Ethenol 0.10%, Alcohols c12-14-Secondary Beta (2-Hydroxyethoxy-ethoxylsted E0 10 Moles) 0.10%, White Mineral Oil 0.10%, Titanium Dioxide 0.10%, Carbon Black 0.10% Carpet Tile with CQUEST BIO: Pre-consumer Recycled Limestone 43%, Post-Consumer Recycled Nylon 12%, Bioester 8%, EVA 7%, Pre-Consumer Recycled Nylon 6%, Vinyl Acetate Emulsion 5%, Bio-Based Filler 4%, Nylon 3%, Pre/Post Consumer Recycled Polyester 3%, Alumina Trihydrate 3%, Bio-based oil 2%, Polypropylene 1%, Fiberglass Mat 1%, Ethylene/Acrylic Acid Copolymer 0.2-0.3%, Starch Soluble 0.2-0.3%, Acetic Acid Ethenyl Ester, Polymer with Ethenol 0.10%, Alcohols, c12-14-Secondary, Beta (2-Hydroxyethoxy-ethoxylsted E0 10 Moles) 0.10%, White Mineral Oil 0.10%, Titanium Dioxide 0.10%, Carbon Black 0.10% As reported by manufacturer, EPD and HPD AVAILABLE SIZING25cm x 1m CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Cradle to Cradle | Silver
Declare | Red List Free
CRI Green Label Plus
GreenCircle Certified
GreenCircle Certified
Last UpdatedJune 08, 2022 |
Tile | Porcelain | Daltile | Keystones |
KeystonesA Healthier Affordable Building ProductLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialDaltile’s Keystones Collection is a colorbody porcelain mosaic line, suitable for indoor and outdoor use on floors, walls, as well countertops. A multitude of patterns allow for many expressive, aesthetic choices. Per DalTile's factory EPD, the Keystones Mosaic line meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. The majority of these tiles are produced in Gettysburg, PA making this best suited for projects in the Northeastern United States. CategoryTile, PorcelainManufacturerDaltile![]() Material composition *Kaolin clay 20-55%, Nepheline Syenite 0-50%, Talc 0-40%, Feldspar 0-15%, Mica 0-5%, Quartz 0-30% *As reported by manufacturer and product HPD AVAILABLE SIZINGvarious mosaic patterns and sizes CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Last UpdatedDecember 01, 2021 |
Resilient | Rubber | Nora | Norament Tiles |
Norament TilesAvailable At the Donghia Materials LibraryLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialThese rubber flooring tiles are made by pressing rubber under high pressure. This process creates a very dense, sealed surface which is resistant to wear and supports fast and easy cleaning. CategoryResilient, RubberManufacturerNora![]() Material composition *Polymers (Synthetic Rubber) 39%, Minerals 46%, Titanium Dioxide 8%, Auxiliary Substances and Vulcanization System 7% *As reported by manufacturer and product EPD AVAILABLE SIZING39.53”x 39.53” Tile COLORSAvailable in a variety of colors CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Cradle to Cradle | Silver
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedSeptember 23, 2016 |
Resilient | Biobased | Shaw Contract | Innate + In Tandem |
Innate + In TandemLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialShaw’s Innate + In Tandem are biobased flooring products composed of up to 50% vegetable oils. These include canola, rapeseed and castor oils. The floor compositions avoid orthophthalates, chlorine and solvents, and are FloorScore certified for low VOC. They are Cradle to Cradle certified SILVER and are Greenhealth Approved from Healthcare without Harm. Shaw’s biobased products are healthier alternatives for LVT, however, isocyanates still occur within the polyurethane processing method. Per Shaw's product-specific EPDs, this product line meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. CategoryResilient, BiobasedManufacturerShaw Contract![]() Material composition *Calcium Carbonate 40-59%, Biobased Polyurethane 30-50%, Aluminum Trihydrate 1-5%, Zeolite 1-5%, Undisclosed 0.5-1%, White Mineral Oil 0.2-0.5%, Fiberglass 0-3%, PET 0-3%, Polypropylene 0-3%, Cellulose 0-2%, Clay 0-2%, Titanium Dioxide 0-0.1% *as reported by the Manufacturer AVAILABLE SIZING13 in x 26 in CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Cradle to Cradle | Silver
FloorScore
Last UpdatedJune 23, 2022 |
Resilient | Biobased | Patcraft | Ecosystem |
EcosystemLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialShaw’s Patcraft’s Ecosystem are biobased flooring products composed of up to 50% vegetable oils. These include canola, rapeseed and castor oils. The floor compositions avoid orthophthalates, chlorine and solvents, and are FloorScore certified for low VOC. They are Cradle to Cradle certified SILVER and are Greenhealth Approved from Healthcare without Harm. Shaw’s biobased products are healthier alternatives for LVT, however, isocyanates still occur within the polyurethane processing method. Per Shaw's product-specific EPDs, this product line meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. CategoryResilient, BiobasedManufacturerPatcraft![]() Material composition *Calcium Carbonate 40-59%, Biobased Polyurethane 30-50%, Aluminum Trihydrate 1-5%, Zeolite 1-5%, Undisclosed 0.5-1%, White Mineral Oil 0.2-0.5%, Fiberglass 0-3%, PET 0-3%, Polypropylene 0-3%, Cellulose 0-2%, Clay 0-2%, Titanium Dioxide 0-0.1% *as reported by the manufacturer AVAILABLE SIZING13 in x 26 in CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Cradle to Cradle | Silver
FloorScore
Last UpdatedJuly 08, 2022 |
Synthetic Paint | Acrylic Latex | Sherwin Williams | ProMar© 200 Zero VOC |
ProMar© 200 Zero VOCA Healthier Affordable Building ProductAvailable At the Donghia Materials LibraryLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialSherwin William's ProMar© 200 line of interior latex paint is free of VOCs. This product has a GREENGUARD Gold Certification for low chemical emissions. It contains 33% Biobased Content according to Bioprefered.gov Titanium Dioxide is being used for pigmenting, the whiter the pigment, the more titanium dioxide. **Note: Product contains antimicrobial chemicals which are are associated with developmental, hormonal, and reproductive problems*. CategorySynthetic Paint, Acrylic LatexManufacturerSherwin Williams![]() Material composition *Water 35-65%, Primary Resin 10-20%, Titanium Dioxide 0-20%, Calcium Carbonate 0-25%, Other Resins 0-10%, Extender Pigments 0-5%, Coalescent 0-2%, Other Additives 0-5%, Thickener 0-1%, pH Modifier 0-1% *As reported by manufacturer AVAILABLE SIZINGPint, quart or gallon COLORSAvailable in a variety of colors CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
GREENGUARD | Gold
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedSeptember 22, 2016 |
Coating | Plaster | Clayworks | Clayworks Clay Plasters |
Clayworks Clay PlastersLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialClayworks clay plasters are blends of unfired clays mixed with natural minerals and pigments. They provide a 100% natural alternative for gypsum plaster and paint wall finishing. Clayworks clay plasters are non-toxic, avoid synthetic additives and emit zero VOCs or formaldehyde. They are free of heavy metals and can be composted. The clay plasters help regulate indoor relative humidity and temperature, absorb toxics and odors, and are easily repaired. They are made in the UK and supplied in a dried form, ready to mix with water and apply with conventional plastering tools and skills. The BM-1 hazard on the HPD relates to respiratory protection. The clay plasters also contribute to WELL and LEED certifications. CategoryCoating, PlasterManufacturerClayworks![]() Material composition *Blended Sands, Kaolin, Other Proprietary Ingredients *as reported by the manufacturer CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedJune 21, 2022 |
Textile | Wool | Kvadrat | Clouds |
CloudsLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialKvadrat's "Clouds" is a wall tile system made from wool. Special rubber bands provide a mechanical fastener system to connect the tile to be installed to a wall or hung from a ceiling. The product is Greenguard Gold certified for low emission, it complies with REACH requirements for its dyes and any residuals or impurities. Wool is naturally flame retardant, it absorbs and gives off humidity. CategoryTextile, WoolManufacturerKvadrat![]() Material composition *100% new wool (surface), *As disclosed by manufacturer COLORS8 Colors: Divina 886/Divina 106, Divina 191/Divina 106, Divina MD 673/Divina 106, Divina MD 783/Divina 106, Divina MD 213/Divina 426, Divina MD 713/Divina MD 783, Divina Melange 120/Divina 106, Divina Melange 120/Divina 756 CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
GREENGUARD | Gold
Additional DocumentsLast UpdatedAugust 05, 2020 |
Textile | Wool | Kvadrat | Tonica 2 |
Tonica 2Low-Embodied Carbon MaterialDesigned by Georgina Wright, Tonica 2 is a woolen upholstery textile. This product is Greenguard Gold certified for low emissions, has both Health and Environmental Product Disclosures, and holds an EU Ecolabel. Tonica 2 is composed of 100% wool which can be biodegradable and because wool retains moisture in its fibers, it resists flame without chemical treatment. CategoryTextile, WoolManufacturerKvadrat![]() Material composition *100% New Wool *As reported by manufacturer and product documentation AVAILABLE SIZING55"/140 cm wide COLORS39 Colors CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
GREENGUARD | Gold
EU EcoLabel
Last UpdatedOctober 03, 2020 |
Textile | Cotton | Kvadrat | Harald 3 |
Harald 3Low-Embodied Carbon MaterialA short-pile velour, Harald 3 is a cotton textile with a velvety optic. This product is Greenguard Gold certified for low emissions, and thankfully there is transparency with this product given by its Health and Environmental Product Disclosures (HPD and EPD). This textile is suitable for upholstery and curtains. CategoryTextile, CottonManufacturerKvadrat![]() Material composition *100% Cotton *As reported by manufacturer and product documentation AVAILABLE SIZING55"/140 cm wide COLORS30 Colors CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
GREENGUARD Certification
Last UpdatedOctober 03, 2020 |
Textile | Natural Fiber Blend | Kvadrat | Reed |
ReedThis upholstery fabric's special features are an interweaving of two contrastingly colored yarns. This product is Greenguard Gold certified for low emissions and provides ingredient transparency via its Health and Environmental Product Disclosures (HPD, EPD); it is composed of all-natural fibers. CategoryTextile, Natural Fiber BlendManufacturerKvadrat![]() Material composition *56% Cotton, 26% Microcrystalline Cellulose, 18% linen *As reported by manufacturer and product documentation AVAILABLE SIZING53"/134 cm wide COLORS9 Colors CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
GREENGUARD | Gold
GREENGUARD Certification
Last UpdatedOctober 03, 2020 |
Resilient | Linoleum | Forbo Flooring Systems | Forbo MCT |
Forbo MCTA Healthier Affordable Building ProductAvailable At the Donghia Materials LibraryLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialMarmoleum MCT tiles are made from natural materials such as linseed oil and rosin. The product is free from toxic materials such as phthalates. The modular tiles allow you to mix and match to design a unique floor surface. This product has a slightly thinner gauge at 2.0mm. Per Forbo's product-specific EPDs, this Marmoleum flooring system meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. CategoryResilient, LinoleumManufacturerForbo Flooring Systems![]() Material composition *Limestone 24.78 - 25.78%, Wood Flour 24.28 - 25.28%, Linseed Oil 23.1 - 24.1%, Tall Oil 7.76 - 8.76%, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 7-8%, Gum Rosin 4.04%, Various Pigments 1% *As reported by manufacturer and product HPD *as reported by the manufacturer AVAILABLE SIZING13.11 in x 13.11 in x 0.08 in CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Last UpdatedJuly 31, 2022 |
Fibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation | Wool | Havelock Wool | Wool Batt Insulation |
Wool Batt InsulationLow-Embodied Carbon MaterialSheep's wool provides a healthy and comfortable choice for insulation. Wool is naturally flame resistant. Additionally, wool's unique structure (a hydrophobic exterior and hydrophilic interior) allows it to absorb up to 35% of its weight in moisture from a room. When used as insulation, this gives wool the unique capacity to manage both humidity and temperature. Batt insulation requires the material to hold its shape. Traditional batts are held together with chemical additives. Havelock Wool's uses needle punching to hold their product together, avoiding toxic chemicals. Per Havelock's EPD, this product meets HML's criteria for low embodied carbon. Havelock's wool insulation are produced in Reno, NV, making its application most impactful on projects in western United States. CategoryFibrous, Cellulosic, & Granular Insulation, WoolManufacturerHavelock Wool![]() Material composition *Wool, Boric Acid *As reported by manufacturer and product HPD AVAILABLE SIZING15.5" wide rolls, available in 2", 3", and 5.5" thicknesses CERTIFICATIONS & DISCLOSURES
Health Product Declaration (HPD)
Declare Label
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Other
Last UpdatedFebruary 27, 2018 |
Spec Guidance
Prefer carbon sequestering materials whenever possible. Examples include timber, hempcrete, plant fibers, wool, clay, and lime.
Prefer locally produced products. Carbon emissions from transporting products increase the overall footprint and may lead to a product becoming a large source of carbon emissions.
Consider reuse and retrofit rather than new construction whenever possible.
Reconsider structure and foundation. Steel and concrete are currently the largest sources of CO₂eq in the built environment. Timber structures sequester rather than emit carbon.
Consider installation details that do not require adhesives (which have high embodied carbon).
Encourage manufacturers to analyze the environmental impact of their products and provide EPDs.
Look for products with EPDs that indicate *low or no Global Warming Potential (GWP) per functional unit.
Consider conducting a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of your project before beginning.
Consider the ratio of renewable to nonrenewable energy being used in the manufacturing of a product.
Updated January 28, 2022
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